When he was 3 years old, his mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, remarried a well-to-do minister, Barnabas Smith, and went to live with him, leaving young Newton with his maternal grandmother. A premature baby born tiny and weak, Newton was not expected to survive. Newton was the only son of a prosperous local farmer, also named Isaac, who died three months before he was born. Using the "old" Julian calendar, Newton's birth date is sometimes displayed as December 25, 1642. Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. In 1705, he was knighted by Queen Anne of England, making him Sir Isaac Newton. In 1687, he published his most acclaimed work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which has been called the single most influential book on physics. Isaac Newton was a physicist and mathematician who developed the principles of modern physics, including the laws of motion and is credited as one of the great minds of the 17th-century Scientific Revolution.
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